The aroma (and flavor) contributions of hops in beer comes from essential oils contained within the hops. Different oils provide varying characteristics, such as; spicy, floral, fruity, citrusy, herbal, earthy and piney. Since these oils can be volatilized, these hops are added later in the brewing process (late boil through post fermentation).
Citra® is a relatively new variety, developed by the Hop Breeding Company of Yakima from Hallertau Mittelfrüh, Tettnang, Brewers Gold, and East Kent Golding parentage. It's character is strongly tropical and lush with a host of fruit flavors including peach, passionfruit, guava, lychee, lime and gooseberry. Because of its distinctive and intense aromatics, Citra® is best in a late addition or dry hop capacity. Used as a single variety or in a blend, Citra® does well in American wheat beers, pale ales, IPAs Belgian-style ales, and has been known to complement Brettanomyces.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: (11 - 13)%
Similar Varieties: Chinook
Common Styles: American-style Pale Ale, Wheat Beer, and IPA, Belgian-style Ale
The signature landrace variety of the Hallertau region in Bavaria, Hallertau Mittelfüh is, at least to some, the epitome of noble hops. Although it can be and is used throughout the boil, it is most prized for its fine, elegant aroma and flavor contribution. Mittelfrüh has been one of Europe's most widely esteemed varieties for centuries and is practically synonymous with continental lagers (particularly Bavarian styles) and many types of German and Belgian ales. The aroma is complex but mild and approachable. Specific aroma descriptors include mild, yet spicy, with floral and citrus tones. Its many offshoots and daughters show some of these same qualities, but none has the same range and balance as Mittelfrüh.
Hop Type: Aroma
Origin: Germany
Alpha Acid: 5.4%
Similar Varieties: Tradition, Hersbrucker, Mount Hood, Liberty
Common Styles: This classic German aroma hop is often associated with Bavarian-style lager beers, Continental Lagers and Wheat Beers, German Pilsner, Altbier.
From the German name for the Czech town of atec, Saaz is the major landrace variety of the hopyards of the Czech Republic and the quintessential noble hop. It accounts for over 80% of the total acreage in its home country. Indispensable for authentic Bohemian-style Pilsner, Saaz possesses a mild but distinctively quality that is equally at home in other pale lager styles as well as Belgian and farmhouse ales. The aroma is soft, pleasantly spicy and herbal with vivid woodsy, earthy, and dark floral character. Rootstock grown elsewhere doesn t have the same range or balance as Czech flowers.
Hop Type: Aroma
Origin: Czech Republic
Alpha Acid: 4.5%
Similar Varieties: Crystal, Tettnang, Sterling
Common Styles: Traditional Pilsners, Wheat beers, Belgian-style Ales
Selected as a chance seedling back in 1861, Fuggle quickly became a dominant force in English hops. In 1949 it accounted for 78% of its home country s hop acreage. It is named for the grower in Kent who first introduced the variety. Fuggle is a workhorse hop in terms of style, favored in darker beers like porter, stout, and mild. It adds a classic English signature used alone or as part of a blend for late and dry-hopping English bitter, pale ale, and ESB. Many first-generation American craft brewers incorporated Fuggle in their groundbreaking pale ales. Fuggle is a pleasingly mild hop. The aroma is earthy-sweet and round with warm wood and mild tree fruit aromatics. Late additions and dry hop can break towards grassy. It is often paired with Goldings.
Hop Type: Aroma
Origin: United Kingdom
Alpha Acid: 4.3%
Similar Varieties: Willamette, Styrian Goldings
Common Styles: Mild Ale, Bitter Ale, Porter
The granddaddy of American craft brewing hops, Cascade was bred in 1956 through a USDA program and first released in 1972. Its ancestry includes English Fuggle and Russian Serebrianka. Today it is the most widely-grown American aroma hop. The flavor and aroma are famously citrus-like (particularly ruby red grapefruit) with prominent floral tones. The classic finishing hop for pretty much any American craft style.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 5.9%
Similar Varieties: Centennial, CTZ
Common Styles: American style Pale Ale, IPA, Stout, Blond Ale, Wheat Ale
The queen of English hops with a pedigree dating back to 1790, East Kent Golding is to British brewers what Hallertau Mittelfrüh is to their German colleagues. A premium appellation, East Kent Goldings hops can only come from East Kent - Goldings hops grown in other counties are known as UK Goldings. EKG has been a spotlight flavor in the profiles of hoppy ales from the British Isles: IPA, pale ale, and bitter. It s used at lower rates to subtler effect in Scottish and other darker, maltier ales. It's flowery with citrus peel or citrus candy overtones (lemon, white grapefruit, orange) and an herbaceous, spring meadow-like undercurrent. Otherwise, gentle and refined, dry hopping can bring forth its citrus aspects alongside a fresh grassy note.
Hop Type: Aroma
Origin: United Kingdom
Alpha Acid: (4.0 - 6.5)%
Similar Varieties: Progress, Fuggle, Willamette
Common Styles: English Pale Ale, Bitter Ale, Scottish Ale, Porter
One of the classic "C" hops of American craft beer, many acres in Oregon and Washington are under Centennial. Bred in 1974 and released in 1990, its complex parentage includes Brewers Gold, Fuggle, and East Kent Goldings. Centennial is a dual-purpose variety with high alpha acids and excellent aromatic capabilities. It's widely used as a finishing or dry hop as a stand-alone variety or part of a blend. The flavor and aroma notes are predominantly citrusy but with undertones of lemongrass and pine needles often evident.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 7.8%
Similar Varieties: Cascade, Chinook
Common Styles: American style Pale Ale, IPA, Stout, Blond Ale, Wheat Ale
The major landrace variety in the region of the same name in far southern Germany, Tettnang has common ancestry with Saaz but a unique profile due to its provenance. It is a classic European noble hop. Tettnang s complex and delicate flavors make it ideal for traditional German lagers, particularly Bavarian styles, Weissbiers, and German or Belgian ales. The flavor and aroma is a mix of floral, fruity, herbal and spicy - fresh herbs, grass, dried flowers, citrus peel, black tea. It can have a bit more intensity than Hallertau but with as much balance.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: Germany
Alpha Acid: 3.8%
Similar Varieties: Saaz, Crystal, Spalter Select, Hersbrucker
Common Styles: German and Belgian styles
Developed by Select Botanicals Group and released in 2000, Simcoe Brand YCR 14 cv. is known for its brewing versatility and unique aroma characteristics. It contains high alpha and low-cohumlone which has found favor in the craft and home brewing industries for dual purpose applications. Simcoe is moderately tolerant to powdery mildew and has good packability of a medium size cone.
Alpha Acid: 11.5 - 15%
Beta Acid: 3 - 4.5%
Co-humulone: 17 - 21%
Total Oil: 0.8 - 3.2 mL/100g
B-Pinene: 0.5 - 1% of total oil
Myrcene: 40 - 50% of total oil
Linalool: 0.5 - 0.9% of total oil
Caryophyllene: 8 - 14% of total oil
Farnesene: < 1.0% of total oil
Humulene: 15 - 20% of total oil
Geraniol: 0.8 - 0.8% of total oil
Known as HBC 369 until its release in 2012, Mosaic , as the name implies offers a complex array of desirable aroma and flavors. It is a daughter of Simcoe and a Nugget-derived male. Mosaic is often compared to Citra, with which it shares a respectable alpha content but a highly-desired oil profile that makes it most commonly used for flavor and aroma. Its exotic, fruit-laden bouquet lends itself well to American-style IPAs, saisons, wheats, and Brettanomyces-fermented beers. It offers strong impressions of citrus oil, balsam pine, blueberry, peach and tropical fruit (especially mango, but also shades of lime and mandarin orange).
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 11.2 %
Similar Varieties: Citra®
Common Styles: American Pale Ale, IPA
Idaho 7 is an experimental hop variety that was born out of Jackson Hop Farm in Wilder, Idaho (who would have thought). It's considered a dual-purpose hop due to its high alpha acid content (9%-14%) while also having a high oil content which makes it a solid finishing hop. Now let's take a look at all the cool science stuff:
Alpha Acids: 14 %Beta Acids: 4%-5%Total Oil: 1.0 -1.6Aroma & Flavor Profile: Pungent tropical fruit and citrus (orange, apricot, red grapefruit, papaya). Big notes of resiny pine and hints of black tea.
Columbus is a bittering hop from the United States. Used in IPAs, Imperial Ales, and Pale Ales. Can be referred to as CTZ (Columbus, Tomahawk, Zeus). Has an aroma profile of black pepper, licorice, and citrus.
Alpha Acids: 15.6%
Beta Acids: 4.5 - 6 %
Total Oil: 2.5 - 4.5 mL/100g
One of the classic "C" hops of American craft beer, many acres in Oregon and Washington are under Centennial. Bred in 1974 and released in 1990, its complex parentage includes Brewers Gold, Fuggle, and East Kent Goldings. Centennial is a dual-purpose variety with high alpha acids and excellent aromatic capabilities. It's widely used as a finishing or dry hop as a stand-alone variety or part of a blend. The flavor and aroma notes are predominantly citrusy but with undertones of lemongrass and pine needles often evident.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 7.8%
Similar Varieties: Cascade, Chinook
Common Styles: American style Pale Ale, IPA, Stout, Blond Ale, Wheat Ale
Also known as VGXP01, the Amarillo® variety is exclusively managed by Virgil Gamache Farms of Toppenish, WA, where it was originally found growing wild in 1998.With respectable alpha acid content, Amarillo¨ can be a dual-purpose hop and contribute to bittering additions, but with its unique, highly sought-after aromas and flavors combined with high demand, it s most often seen in late-kettle or whirlpool additions and as a dry hop. Amarillo® is intense and pungent. Red grapefruit overtones reminiscent of Cascade are overlaid with tropical fruit and ripe melon. It can contribute a renowned musty dank quality much prized by those who love it.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: (8.0 - 11.0)%
Similar Varieties: Centennial, Cascade
Common Styles: Pale Ale, IPA, Imperial IPA, Red Ale
Mild and pleasant, with slightly spicy and floral tones. American-grown seedless version of Fuggle. Willamette hop is a ideal for brewing pale ale, ESB, bitter, English-style ale, porter, and stout. If a substitution is necessary, the following is recommended: U.S. Fuggle, U.S. Tettnanger, and Styrian Golding.
Typical Alpha Acid: (4.0% - 7.0)%
An offspring of Brewer's Gold with some ancestry from an American wild hop, this English-bred high alpha variety later found favor and acreage all over the world. In Germany it s known primarily as a bittering hop. German Northern Brewer is predominantly spicy with an undercurrent of woods and wild fruit, suggestive of its Brewer s Gold parentage. Overall balanced with lasting flavor that reads as simply hoppy - not as outright woodsy and bright as US-grown Northern Brewer.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: Germany
Alpha Acid: 6.9%
Similar Varieties: Chinook, Columbus, Galena, Magnum
Common Styles: Continental Lagers, Belgian Ale, Trappist Ale, Farmhouse Styles
Known as HBC 369 until its release in 2012, Mosaic , as the name implies offers a complex array of desirable aroma and flavors. It is a daughter of Simcoe and a Nugget-derived male. Mosaic is often compared to Citra, with which it shares a respectable alpha content but a highly-desired oil profile that makes it most commonly used for flavor and aroma. Its exotic, fruit-laden bouquet lends itself well to American-style IPAs, saisons, wheats, and Brettanomyces-fermented beers. It offers strong impressions of citrus oil, balsam pine, blueberry, peach and tropical fruit (especially mango, but also shades of lime and mandarin orange).
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 11.2 %
Similar Varieties: Citra®
Common Styles: American Pale Ale, IPA
El Dorado is a unique, dual-purpose hop with exceptional aroma qualities and high alpha acid levels. A relatively new variety, its consistent performance eliciting fruity notes, especially tropical fruit flavors, has quickly made El Dorado popular for hop-forward styles or beers with complex flavor profiles. Tasting notes commonly specify aromas of watermelon, pear, candy, or stone fruit. There is often an undertone of citrus, and sometimes an identifiable fresh-cut-grass taste.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: Moxee, WA (US)
Alpha Acid: 13.6%
Similar Varieties: Citra, Nelson Sauvin, Rakau
Common Styles: American Pale Ale, IPA
Galaxy is a highly desired hop not only for its great bittering potential, but for its aromatics as well. This dual-purpose hop has become a favorite for pale ales and IPAs because of its subtle citrus notes and undertones of passionfruit, mango, and peach.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: Australia
Alpha Acid: 14.1%
Similar Varieties: Citra
Ahtanum is a low alpha acid aroma hop that was developed by Yakima Chief Ranches. It's typically used in American pale ales and IPA's for its floral and citrus notes: some consider this variety to be a solid substitute for Cascade or Amarillo. Alrighty, lets crunch some numbers.
Alpha Acids: 5.0%
Beta Acids: 4%-6%
Total Oil: 0.5-1.7
Aroma & Flavor Profile: Earthy, floral, citrus with notes of grapefruit and geranium.
Originally developed in the 1980s in Japan for Sapporo, recent years have seen Sorachi Ace gaining acreage in the Pacific Northwest. Its parentage includes Brewers Gold, Saaz, and Beikei No. 2. With a potent alpha acid level, Sorachi is a more than capable bittering hop, while its unique aromatics make it welcome in styles that embrace bright citrus character: saison, witbier, and exotic riffs on IPA. Sorachi Ace is distinctive with a suggestion of dill and unmistakable overtones of lemon, including wood polish, fruit pith, and Lemon Zinger tea.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United States
Alpha Acid: 12.0 %
Similar Varieties: Southern Cross
Common Styles: Pilsner, Saison, IPA
Bred from Norther Brewer and English Golding stock, Target is an excellent bittering hop with a classic English character. While typically used for its high alpha percentage, this hop has gained some popularity for its aroma as well.
Hop Type: Dual-Purpose
Origin: United Kingdom
Alpha Acid: 10.8%
Similar Varieties: Fuggle, Willamette